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literary nominalism
Literary nominalism is a paradigm of thought that is interested in the interconnections between certain aspects of nominalist philosophy and theology and works of literature.
==History of the term==
While the presence of nominalist ideas in fiction and poetry has been discussed by scholars at least since the nineteenth century, the paradigm was first consolidated in 1985 in an essay by Joseph Quack who called the German modernist writer Alfred Andersch a "literary nominalist".〔Joseph Quack, "Alfred Andersch: Ein literarischer Nominalist,” ''Neue Deutsche Hefte'' 32.4 (1985), 717–32.〕 In 1991, Richard Utz applied the paradigm to Geoffrey Chaucer's ''Troilus and Criseyde'', claiming that the medieval English writer might show correspondences with the wave of anti-realist/nominalist thought engendered by William of Ockham and his intellectual contemporaries and successors, and coining the paradigm "literary nominalism" in the process.〔Richard Utz, ''Literarischer Nominalismus im Spätmittelalter. Eine Untersuchung zu Sprache, Charakterzeichnung und Struktur in Geoffrey Chaucers Troilus and Criseyde'' (Frankfurt: Lang, 1990).〕 Since the early 1990s, various scholars have added their voices to the discussion of the paradigm, either to confirm or critique its value for literary studies. Various other terms, especially Ockhamism, have also been used especially in claims for the influence of William of Ockham on individual writers and their works.〔Helen Ruth Andretta, ''Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde: A Poet's Response to Ockhamism'' (New York: Lang, 1999).〕 Prior to Quack and Utz, Umberto Eco's novel, ''The Name of the Rose'' (1980; English translation in 1983), had rekindled interest in the conflict between late medieval nominalism and realism. Eco's playful and ironic confrontation of both movements of thought questioned the somewhat simplistic separation present in mainstream histories of philosophy and theology.〔Teresa Coletti. ''Naming the Rose: Eco, Medieval Signs, and Modern Theory''. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989.〕
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